Hybrid Modeling of Persistent Shoreline Oil Residues on Abu Ali Island, Saudi Arabia: Extent, Degree, and Remediation Implications
نویسندگان
چکیده
Extensive intertidal asphalt pavements and oiled sediment accumulations extend more than 20 km along the northern shoreline of Abu Ali Island, located north Jubail on Arabian (Persian) Gulf coast Saudi Arabia. This oiling likely originated from two platforms in Nowruz oil field, which spilled 1983 to 1985; this was one largest marine spills history, with impacts that were little known. In study, we used a novel methodology combined remote sensing analyses hybrid machine learning–geostatistical modeling field-collected data quantify distribution, extent, volume these contaminated sediments investigate mechanisms for their persistence support development remediation plans. After nearly 40 years, approximately 25,000 m3 remain, 50% buried underneath clean sediments. The presence exposed or subsurface carbonate beach rock ramps clearly influences ongoing by protecting them physical energy mobilization. These complicate potential options, 66% modeled pavement estimated be directly top contact rock. present persistent PAH toxicity continually shed smaller fragments when wave localized sheens liquid oil, presenting pathway chronic exposure biota.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2077-1312']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040785